9.1 Introduction
9.2 The Extent of Reaction
9.3 Variables of Reaction
9.3.1 Gibbs Energy of
Reaction
(Free Enthalpy of Reaction)
9.3.2 Spontaneous Reaction. Equilibrium
9.3.3 Systems where Several Reactions can Take Place Simultaneously
9.3.4 Other Variables of Reaction
9.3.5 Standard Variables of Reaction
9.3.6 Standard Variables of Formation
9.4 Hess’s Law9.3.2 Spontaneous Reaction. Equilibrium
9.3.3 Systems where Several Reactions can Take Place Simultaneously
9.3.4 Other Variables of Reaction
9.3.5 Standard Variables of Reaction
9.3.6 Standard Variables of Formation
9.4.1 Content
9.4.2 Application
9.4.3 Generalization
9.4.4 Example
9.5 Kirchhoff’s Equation9.4.2 Application
9.4.3 Generalization
9.4.4 Example
9.6 Effect of Temperature on the Entropy of Reaction and the Gibbs Energy of Reaction
9.7 Conversion of Chemical Energy into Work
9.7.1 Any Form of Work
9.7.2 Work other than Work due to Volume Change
9.7.3 Batteries
9.7.4 Lead Storage Battery
9.8 Effect of the Choice of the Standard State Pressure on the
Tabulated Thermodynamic Values9.7.2 Work other than Work due to Volume Change
9.7.3 Batteries
9.7.4 Lead Storage Battery
9.8.1 Justification of the
Choice
9.8.2 Useful Relations
9.8.3 Ideal Gases
9.8.4 Real Gases
9.8.5 Condensed Phase
9.8.6 System with one Gas Phase and Several Condensed Phases
9.9 Variables of Combustion9.8.2 Useful Relations
9.8.3 Ideal Gases
9.8.4 Real Gases
9.8.5 Condensed Phase
9.8.6 System with one Gas Phase and Several Condensed Phases
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the main pageModified January 10 2007