8.1 Introduction
8.2 Differential Expressions for State Functions
8.3 Spontaneous Transfer of a Species from One Phase to Another One
8.4 The Phase Rule
8.5 Equilibrium of Two Phases of a Pure Substance
8.5.1 Clapeyron
Equations
8.5.2 Equilibrium between a Gaseous Phase and a Condensed Phase (Liquid or Solid) of a Pure Substance
8.5.3 Schematic Representation of some of the Thermodynamic Functions in the Vicinity of a Phase Change
8.5.4 Effect of the Pressure of an Insoluble Gas on the Vapor Pressure of a Liquid
8.5.5 Effect of Temperature on the Latent Heat of Phase Change and on the Equilibrium Pressure
8.6 Phase Diagram of a Pure Substance8.5.2 Equilibrium between a Gaseous Phase and a Condensed Phase (Liquid or Solid) of a Pure Substance
8.5.3 Schematic Representation of some of the Thermodynamic Functions in the Vicinity of a Phase Change
8.5.4 Effect of the Pressure of an Insoluble Gas on the Vapor Pressure of a Liquid
8.5.5 Effect of Temperature on the Latent Heat of Phase Change and on the Equilibrium Pressure
8.7 Evaluation of Entropies
8.8 Third Law of Thermodynamics
8.9 Implications of the Third Law
8.9.1 Heat
Capacities
8.9.2 Effect of Pressure and Volume on Entropy at 0 K
8.9.3 Helmholtz Energy and Gibbs Energy at 0 K
8.9.2 Effect of Pressure and Volume on Entropy at 0 K
8.9.3 Helmholtz Energy and Gibbs Energy at 0 K
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